The goal of asthma treatment is to control symptoms, prevent exacerbations, and maintain normal lung function.1,2 Management of acute exacerbations in the emergency department is not discussed here.
INHALED SABAs — The inhaled short-acting beta2-agonists (SABAs) albuterol and levalbuterol are used as needed for rapid relief of asthma symptoms or prevention of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB). Their effect begins within 5 minutes, peaks within 15-60 minutes, and lasts for...
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RELEASE
The package inserts of the GLP-1 receptor agonists dulaglutide (Trulicity), exenatide (Byetta, Bydureon BCise), liraglutide (Saxenda, Victoza), and semaglutide (Ozempic, Rybelsus, Wegovy) and the dual glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP)/GLP-1 receptor agonist tirzepatide (Mounjaro, Zepbound) have been updated to include rare postmarketing reports of pulmonary aspiration associated with their use in patients undergoing elective surgery or other procedures requiring general anesthesia or deep sedation who had residual gastric contents despite preoperative fasting.
MECHANISM — GLP-1 receptor agonists and tirzepatide delay gastric emptying and commonly cause nausea, vomiting, and abdominal distension, but these adverse effects generally decrease with long-term use. Delayed gastric emptying can increase the …