Matching articles for "estrogens"

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 8, 2024;  (Issue 1706)
Pharmacologic treatment is recommended for postmenopausal women who have bone density T-scores (standard deviations from normal mean values in the spine, femoral neck, total hip, or distal radius) of -2.5...
Pharmacologic treatment is recommended for postmenopausal women who have bone density T-scores (standard deviations from normal mean values in the spine, femoral neck, total hip, or distal radius) of -2.5 or below, T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 with a history of fragility (low-trauma) fracture of the hip or spine, or T-scores between -1.0 and -2.5 with a FRAX 10-year probability of ≥3% for hip fracture or ≥20% for major osteoporotic fracture.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2024 Jul 8;66(1706):105-12 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (online only)

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 8, 2024;  (Issue 1706)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2024 Jul 8;66(1706):e112-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Menopausal Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 4, 2024;  (Issue 1697)
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary and vasomotor. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) includes symptoms such as burning, irritation, dryness, dyspareunia, dysuria, and recurrent...
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary and vasomotor. The genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) includes symptoms such as burning, irritation, dryness, dyspareunia, dysuria, and recurrent urinary tract infection. Vasomotor symptoms (VMS; hot flashes, night sweats) often disrupt sleep.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2024 Mar 4;66(1697):33-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Opill — An OTC Oral Contraceptive

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 18, 2023;  (Issue 1685)
The FDA has approved Opill (Perrigo), a progestin-only oral contraceptive that contains norgestrel, for sale over the counter (OTC). Opill is the first oral contraceptive to be approved in the US for sale...
The FDA has approved Opill (Perrigo), a progestin-only oral contraceptive that contains norgestrel, for sale over the counter (OTC). Opill is the first oral contraceptive to be approved in the US for sale without a prescription. Approval of OTC Opill is intended to increase access to effective contraception and reduce the rate of unintended pregnancies.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Sep 18;65(1685):151-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Fezolinetant (Veozah) for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 26, 2023;  (Issue 1679)
Fezolinetant (Veozah – Astellas), a first-in-class neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause. It is...
Fezolinetant (Veozah – Astellas), a first-in-class neurokinin 3 (NK3) receptor antagonist, has been approved by the FDA for treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (VMS) due to menopause. It is the second nonhormonal treatment to be approved in the US for this indication; a low-dose formulation of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) paroxetine mesylate (Brisdelle) was approved in 2013.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Jun 26;65(1679):97-9 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Choice of Contraceptives

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 15, 2023;  (Issue 1676)
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the etonogestrel implant are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods available. Hormonal oral contraceptives, patches, rings, and injectables are also effective...
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the etonogestrel implant are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods available. Hormonal oral contraceptives, patches, rings, and injectables are also effective in preventing pregnancy. When used alone, barrier and behavioral methods generally have higher failure rates than other methods (see Table 1). Selection of a contraceptive method is usually based on patient-specific factors and personal preference
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 May 15;65(1676):73-80 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Overactive Bladder

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • March 20, 2023;  (Issue 1672)
In overactive bladder, involuntary bladder contractions due to detrusor overactivity result in urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and incontinence. The prevalence of the disorder increases with...
In overactive bladder, involuntary bladder contractions due to detrusor overactivity result in urinary urgency, frequency, nocturia, and incontinence. The prevalence of the disorder increases with age. Nonpharmacologic treatment, including bladder training, urge suppression, pelvic floor muscle exercises, constipation management, modification of fluid intake, and avoidance of dietary irritants such as alcohol and caffeine, should be tried first.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2023 Mar 20;65(1672):41-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Myfembree for Fibroid-Associated Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 9, 2021;  (Issue 1630)
Myfembree (Myovant/Pfizer), an oral fixed-dose combination of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist relugolix, the estrogen estradiol, and the progestin norethindrone acetate, has...
Myfembree (Myovant/Pfizer), an oral fixed-dose combination of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist relugolix, the estrogen estradiol, and the progestin norethindrone acetate, has been approved by the FDA for management of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in premenopausal women. It is the second product to be approved in the US for this indication; Oriahnn, which contains the GnRH receptor antagonist elagolix in combination with estradiol and norethindrone acetate, was approved earlier. Relugolix was approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer as Orgovyx in 2020.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2021 Aug 9;63(1630):121-3 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Oriahnn for Fibroid-Associated Heavy Menstrual Bleeding

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 5, 2021;  (Issue 1621)
Oriahnn (Abbvie), a fixed-dose combination of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist elagolix, the estrogen estradiol, and the progestin norethindrone acetate copackaged with elagolix...
Oriahnn (Abbvie), a fixed-dose combination of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor antagonist elagolix, the estrogen estradiol, and the progestin norethindrone acetate copackaged with elagolix alone, has been approved by the FDA for oral treatment of heavy menstrual bleeding associated with uterine leiomyomas (fibroids) in premenopausal women. It is the first product to be approved in the US for this indication. Elagolix (Orilissa) has been available since 2018 for treatment of moderate to severe pain associated with endometriosis. The GnRH receptor antagonist relugolix (Orgovyx), which is approved for treatment of advanced prostate cancer, is being reviewed by the FDA for use in combination with estradiol and norethindrone acetate for the same indication as Oriahnn.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2021 Apr 5;63(1621):51-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Twirla - A New Contraceptive Patch

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 8, 2021;  (Issue 1617)
The FDA has approved Twirla (Agile Therapeutics), a transdermal contraceptive patch containing the estrogen ethinyl estradiol and the progestin levonorgestrel, for use in women with a BMI...
The FDA has approved Twirla (Agile Therapeutics), a transdermal contraceptive patch containing the estrogen ethinyl estradiol and the progestin levonorgestrel, for use in women with a BMI <30 kg/m2. It is the second contraceptive patch to become available in the US; Xulane, a patch that delivers ethinyl estradiol and the progestin norelgestromin, has been available since 2014.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2021 Feb 8;63(1617):17-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Acne

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 30, 2020;  (Issue 1612)
Acne is common among adolescents and young adults, but its prevalence appears to have increased in people of all ages due to prolonged wearing of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines for treatment...
Acne is common among adolescents and young adults, but its prevalence appears to have increased in people of all ages due to prolonged wearing of masks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guidelines for treatment of acne were last published in 2016.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Nov 30;62(1612):188-91 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Menopausal Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 10, 2020;  (Issue 1604)
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary (genitourinary syndrome of menopause; GSM) and vasomotor (VMS). Vulvovaginal atrophy can cause vaginal burning, irritation and dryness, dyspareunia,...
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary (genitourinary syndrome of menopause; GSM) and vasomotor (VMS). Vulvovaginal atrophy can cause vaginal burning, irritation and dryness, dyspareunia, and dysuria, and increase the risk of urinary tract infections. Vasomotor symptoms ("hot flashes") cause daytime discomfort and night sweats that may disrupt sleep. Hormone therapy is the most effective treatment for both genitourinary and vasomotor symptoms.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Aug 10;62(1604):124-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 13, 2020;  (Issue 1602)
US guidelines recommend pharmacologic therapy for postmenopausal women with a bone density T-score (standard deviation from normal mean values in healthy young women) of -2.5 or below in the lumbar spine,...
US guidelines recommend pharmacologic therapy for postmenopausal women with a bone density T-score (standard deviation from normal mean values in healthy young women) of -2.5 or below in the lumbar spine, femoral neck, total hip, or distal radius, a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 and a history of fragility (low-trauma) fracture of the hip or spine, or a T-score between -1.0 and -2.5 and a FRAX 10-year probability of ≥3% for hip fracture or ≥20% for major osteoporotic fracture (hip, clinical spine, humerus, distal radius).
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Jul 13;62(1602):105-12 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (online only)

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 13, 2020;  (Issue 1602)
...
View the Comparison Table: Some Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Jul 13;62(1602):e112-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drospirenone (Slynd) - A New Progestin-Only Oral Contraceptive

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 10, 2020;  (Issue 1591)
The FDA has approved a progestin-only oral contraceptive ("minipill") containing drospirenone (Slynd – Exeltis). All other progestin-only oral contraceptives available in the US contain norethindrone...
The FDA has approved a progestin-only oral contraceptive ("minipill") containing drospirenone (Slynd – Exeltis). All other progestin-only oral contraceptives available in the US contain norethindrone (Camila, and others). Progestin-only oral contraceptives are similar in efficacy to combination oral contraceptives. They are used predominantly by breastfeeding women and by those in whom estrogen is poorly tolerated or contraindicated. Combination oral contraceptives containing drospirenone and ethinyl estradiol have been available for years.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2020 Feb 10;62(1591):18-9 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Annovera - A New Contraceptive Vaginal Ring

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 16, 2019;  (Issue 1587)
Annovera (TherapeuticsMD), a contraceptive vaginal ring that releases segesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin, and ethinyl estradiol, was approved by the FDA in 2018 and is now available. It is the first...
Annovera (TherapeuticsMD), a contraceptive vaginal ring that releases segesterone acetate, a synthetic progestin, and ethinyl estradiol, was approved by the FDA in 2018 and is now available. It is the first product to contain segesterone and the second vaginal ring to become available in the US; NuvaRing, which delivers etonogestrel and ethinyl estradiol, was the first. Unlike NuvaRing, which requires use of a new ring each month, the Annovera ring can be used for an entire year, but it must be removed for one week each month.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Dec 16;61(1587):197-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Addendum: Estradiol/Progesterone (Bijuva) for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 29, 2019;  (Issue 1577)
In our article on Bijuva, the oral fixed-dose combination of estradiol and progesterone (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2019; 61:99), Table 1 should have included single-ingredient oral formulations of estradiol and...
In our article on Bijuva, the oral fixed-dose combination of estradiol and progesterone (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2019; 61:99), Table 1 should have included single-ingredient oral formulations of estradiol and progesterone (see below). They will be added to the table as it appears online, along with medroxyprogesterone (Provera, and generics), another single-ingredient progestin available for use in women with an intact uterus who take systemic estrogen for menopausal symptoms. Taking generic estradiol and progesterone separately may be less convenient than taking Bijuva, but they cost less and allow for more dosing flexibility.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Jul 29;61(1577):120 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Estradiol/Progesterone (Bijuva) for Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2019;  (Issue 1575)
The FDA has approved Bijuva (TherapeuticsMD), a fixed-dose combination of estradiol and progesterone, for oral treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) due to menopause in women with...
The FDA has approved Bijuva (TherapeuticsMD), a fixed-dose combination of estradiol and progesterone, for oral treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes) due to menopause in women with an intact uterus. The manufacturer is marketing Bijuva as "the first and only FDA-approved combination of bio-identical estradiol and bio-identical progesterone in a single daily oral capsule".
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2019 Jul 1;61(1575):99-101 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Choice of Contraceptives

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 8, 2018;  (Issue 1557)
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the etonogestrel implant are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods available. Hormonal oral contraceptives, patches, rings, and injectables are also highly...
Intrauterine devices (IUDs) and the etonogestrel implant are the most effective reversible contraceptive methods available. Hormonal oral contraceptives, patches, rings, and injectables are also highly effective in preventing pregnancy. When used alone, barrier and fertility-based methods generally have higher failure rates than other methods.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Oct 8;60(1557):161-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Imvexxy - Another Estradiol Vaginal Insert for Dyspareunia

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 10, 2018;  (Issue 1555)
The FDA has approved an estradiol softgel vaginal insert (Imvexxy – TherapeuticsMD) for treatment of postmenopausal women with moderate to severe dyspareunia due to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Imvexxy is...
The FDA has approved an estradiol softgel vaginal insert (Imvexxy – TherapeuticsMD) for treatment of postmenopausal women with moderate to severe dyspareunia due to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Imvexxy is the second estradiol vaginal insert to be approved in the US; Vagifem, an intravaginal tablet formulation, was the first. Vagifem and Imvexxy are both available in inserts containing 10 mcg of estradiol; Imvexxy is also available in a 4-mcg strength.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2018 Sep 10;60(1555):147-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 18, 2017;  (Issue 1536)
Diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the results of bone mineral density (BMD) testing or by the occurrence of a fragility fracture. Bone densitometry results are generally reported in terms of...
Diagnosis of osteoporosis is based on the results of bone mineral density (BMD) testing or by the occurrence of a fragility fracture. Bone densitometry results are generally reported in terms of standard deviations (SD) from the mean value for young adults (T-score). The World Health Organization (WHO) defines osteoporosis in women as a T-score of -2.5 or below in the spine, femoral neck, or total hip. A computerized model (FRAX) is available that estimates the 10-year probability of a hip fracture or other major osteoporotic fracture based on clinical risk factors and BMD at the femoral neck.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2017 Dec 18;59(1536):203-10 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Prasterone (Intrarosa) for Dyspareunia

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 11, 2017;  (Issue 1529)
The FDA has approved the steroid prasterone (Intrarosa – Endoceutics) for intravaginal treatment of postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe dyspareunia due to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Also called...
The FDA has approved the steroid prasterone (Intrarosa – Endoceutics) for intravaginal treatment of postmenopausal women with moderate-to-severe dyspareunia due to vulvovaginal atrophy (VVA). Also called dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), prasterone is produced in the adrenal glands, gonads, and brain and converted intracellularly into active metabolites of estrogens and androgens. DHEA has been available over the counter for years as an oral dietary supplement claimed to benefit sexual, cardiovascular, and neuropsychiatric dysfunction.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2017 Sep 11;59(1529):149-50 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Comparison Table: Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis (online only)

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • June 19, 2017;  (Issue 1523)
...
View the Comparison Table: Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2017 Jun 19;59(1523):e104-6 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Menopausal Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 7, 2016;  (Issue 1507)
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary and vasomotor. A thin, dry vaginal lining and thin urethral mucosa can cause vaginal and vulvar burning and irritation, pain during intercourse, and...
The primary symptoms of menopause are genitourinary and vasomotor. A thin, dry vaginal lining and thin urethral mucosa can cause vaginal and vulvar burning and irritation, pain during intercourse, and an increased risk of urinary tract infections. Vasomotor symptoms ("hot flashes") cause daytime discomfort and night sweats that may disrupt sleep.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2016 Nov 7;58(1507):142-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Acne

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 1, 2016;  (Issue 1487)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production, androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive microaerophilic bacteria...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, bacteria, sebum production, androgens, and inflammation all play a role. The gram-positive microaerophilic bacteria Propionibacterium acnes promotes development of acne lesions by secreting chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes to the follicle, causing inflammation.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2016 Feb 1;58(1487):13-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Hypothyroidism

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 26, 2015;  (Issue 1480)
Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment of hypothyroidism with replacement doses of thyroid hormone is...
Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroidectomy, or radioactive iodine therapy. Treatment of hypothyroidism with replacement doses of thyroid hormone is usually lifelong. Levothyroxine is the drug of choice.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Oct 26;57(1480):147-50 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Choice of Contraceptives

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 14, 2015;  (Issue 1477)
Implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and sterilization are the most effective contraceptive methods available. Pills, patches, rings, and injectables, when used correctly, are also highly effective in...
Implants, intrauterine devices (IUDs), and sterilization are the most effective contraceptive methods available. Pills, patches, rings, and injectables, when used correctly, are also highly effective in preventing pregnancy. Barrier and fertility-based methods have the highest rates of failure.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2015 Sep 14;57(1477):127-32 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 29, 2014;  (Issue 1452)
US guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis have been published. The diagnosis of osteoporosis has traditionally been established by the occurrence of fragility fractures or by bone densitometry, which...
US guidelines for the treatment of osteoporosis have been published. The diagnosis of osteoporosis has traditionally been established by the occurrence of fragility fractures or by bone densitometry, which is generally reported in terms of standard deviations (SD) from mean values in young adults (T-score). The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined normal bone mineral density (BMD) for women as a value within one SD of the young adult mean. Values 2.5 SD or more below the mean (T-score -2.5 or below) at the spine, femoral neck, or total hip are defined as osteoporosis. The WHO has developed a computerized model (FRAX) that predicts the 10-year probability of a hip fracture or other major osteoporotic fracture based on clinical risk factors and BMD at the femoral neck.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2014 Sep 29;56(1452):91-6 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Conjugated Estrogens/Bazedoxifene (Duavee) for Menopausal Symptoms and Prevention of Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • April 28, 2014;  (Issue 1441)
The FDA has approved Duavee (Pfizer), a fixed-dose combination of conjugated estrogens and the new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) bazedoxifene, for treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor...
The FDA has approved Duavee (Pfizer), a fixed-dose combination of conjugated estrogens and the new selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) bazedoxifene, for treatment of moderate to severe vasomotor symptoms and for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women with an intact uterus. Bazedoxifene is an estrogen agonist/antagonist with estrogen-like effects on bone and antiestrogen effects on the uterus. It is the second SERM to be approved for prevention of osteoporosis; raloxifene (Evista, and generics) has been available as a single agent for this indication since 1997.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2014 Apr 28;56(1441):33-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Quartette: An Ascending-Dose, Extended-Cycle Oral Contraceptive

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 8, 2013;  (Issue 1420)
The FDA has approved Quartette (Teva), an extended-cycle combination oral contraceptive containing increasing doses of the estrogen ethinyl estradiol (EE) combined with the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG)....
The FDA has approved Quartette (Teva), an extended-cycle combination oral contraceptive containing increasing doses of the estrogen ethinyl estradiol (EE) combined with the progestin levonorgestrel (LNG). The rationale is that a gradual increase in the EE dose may reduce unscheduled bleeding or spotting, a common adverse effect of extended-cycle oral contraceptives.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2013 Jul 8;55(1420):54-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Addendum: Transdermal Estrogen

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 9, 2012;  (Issue 1394)
A reader commented that our recent article on treatment of menopausal symptoms (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:41) should have mentioned the potential advantages of transdermal estrogen. Transdermal estrogens are...
A reader commented that our recent article on treatment of menopausal symptoms (Med Lett Drugs Ther 2012; 54:41) should have mentioned the potential advantages of transdermal estrogen. Transdermal estrogens are probably as effective as oral estrogens in treating vasomotor menopausal symptoms, but transdermal administration may have less effect on serum triglycerides, C-reactive protein, thyroxine-binding globulin, cortisol-binding globulin and sex hormone-binding globulin. Observational data suggest that the risk of venous thromboembolism may be lower with transdermal administration compared to standard-dose oral estrogens, but comparative randomized controlled trials are lacking.

Download complete U.S. English article

Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2012 Jul 9;54(1394):56 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Menopausal Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 28, 2012;  (Issue 1391)
The primary symptoms of menopause are vasomotor and genitourinary. Vasomotor symptoms ("hot flashes") cause daytime discomfort and chronic insomnia. A thin, dry vaginal lining and thin urethral mucosa can...
The primary symptoms of menopause are vasomotor and genitourinary. Vasomotor symptoms ("hot flashes") cause daytime discomfort and chronic insomnia. A thin, dry vaginal lining and thin urethral mucosa can cause vaginal and vulvar irritation, pain during intercourse, and an increased risk for urinary tract infection.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2012 May 28;54(1391):41-3 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2011;  (Issue 111)
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with microarchitectural disruption and skeletal fragility that results in an increased risk of fracture. The diagnosis has traditionally been established by...
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with microarchitectural disruption and skeletal fragility that results in an increased risk of fracture. The diagnosis has traditionally been established by bone densitometry, which is generally reported in terms of standard deviations (SD) from mean values in young adults (T-score). The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined normal bone mineral density (BMD) for women as a value within one SD of the young adult mean. Values 2.5 SD or more below the mean (T score -2.5) are defined as osteoporosis. The WHO has developed a computerized model (FRAX) that predicts the 10-year probability of a hip fracture or any other major osteoporotic fracture based on clinical risk factors and BMD at the femoral neck.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2011 Nov;9(111):67-74 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Female Sexual Dysfunction

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 13, 2010;  (Issue 1353)
Sexual complaints related to desire, arousal, orgasm and painful intercourse are common in women. Since the last Medical Letter article on this subject, some new information has become...
Sexual complaints related to desire, arousal, orgasm and painful intercourse are common in women. Since the last Medical Letter article on this subject, some new information has become available.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2010 Dec 13;52(1353):100-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Bioidentical Hormones

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • May 31, 2010;  (Issue 1339)
In recent years, many women have become concerned about the safety of pharmaceutical replacement hormones for treatment of menopausal symptoms. “Bioidentical” hormone preparations, which are not approved...
In recent years, many women have become concerned about the safety of pharmaceutical replacement hormones for treatment of menopausal symptoms. “Bioidentical” hormone preparations, which are not approved by the FDA, are heavily promoted in popular books and on TV as alternatives; these are derivatives of soy or plant extracts, chemically modified to be structurally identical to endogenous hormones. Most FDA-approved single-entity hormones are also derivatives of soy or plant extracts and are structurally identical to hormones produced by the ovary.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2010 May 31;52(1339):43-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Thyroid Disorders

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2009;  (Issue 84)
Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, goiter or cancer, or radioactive iodine therapy for...
Primary hypothyroidism is usually the result of Hashimoto's thyroiditis, thyroidectomy for hyperthyroidism, goiter or cancer, or radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2009 Aug;7(84):57-64 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Conjugated Estrogens (Premarin) Vaginal Cream

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • February 23, 2009;  (Issue 1306)
An old conjugated estrogens vaginal cream (Premarin Vaginal Cream - Wyeth) has been newly approved by the FDA specifically for treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia due to vulvar and vaginal atrophy...
An old conjugated estrogens vaginal cream (Premarin Vaginal Cream - Wyeth) has been newly approved by the FDA specifically for treatment of moderate to severe dyspareunia due to vulvar and vaginal atrophy associated with menopause. Synthetic conjugated estrogens A vaginal cream (Barr) has also been approved for this indication, but has not yet been marketed.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2009 Feb 23;51(1306):14-5 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2008;  (Issue 74)
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with microarchitectural disruption and skeletal fragility that results in an increased risk of fracture. The diagnosis has traditionally been established by bone...
Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mass with microarchitectural disruption and skeletal fragility that results in an increased risk of fracture. The diagnosis has traditionally been established by bone densitometry, which is generally reported in terms of standard deviations (SD) from mean values in young adults (T score). The World Health Organization (WHO) has defined normal bone mineral density (BMD) for women as a value within one SD of the young adult mean. Values 2.5 SD (T score -2.5) or more below the mean are defined as osteoporosis. The WHO has developed a computerized model (FRAX) that predicts the 10-year probability of hip fracture based on clinical risk factors and BMD at the femoral neck.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2008 Oct;6(74):67-74 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Choice of Contraceptives

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 1, 2007;  (Issue 64)
Transdermal, transvaginal and intrauterine hormone delivery systems have made highly effective contraceptive products more convenient to use. New oral contraceptive options include regimens with fewer or...
Transdermal, transvaginal and intrauterine hormone delivery systems have made highly effective contraceptive products more convenient to use. New oral contraceptive options include regimens with fewer or shorter hormone-free intervals.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2007 Dec;5(64):101-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Low-Dose Transdermal Estrogens

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 27, 2007;  (Issue 1268)
Three low-dose transdermal estrogens were recently approved by the FDA for treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Elestrin and Divigel are transdermal estradiol gels and Evamist is an estradiol spray....
Three low-dose transdermal estrogens were recently approved by the FDA for treatment of menopausal vasomotor symptoms. Elestrin and Divigel are transdermal estradiol gels and Evamist is an estradiol spray. Elestrin has been marketed in Europe since 1976.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2007 Aug 27;49(1268):71-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 1, 2005;  (Issue 38)
Many drugs are now marketed for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but questions remain about their...
Many drugs are now marketed for treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis, but questions remain about their use.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2005 Oct;3(38):69-74 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Atypical Antipsychotics in the Elderly

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2005;  (Issue 1214)
The FDA has reported that 5106 elderly patients with dementia treated with atypical (second generation) antipsychotics in 17 randomized controlled trials had a higher mortality rate (4.5% vs. 2.6%) than those...
The FDA has reported that 5106 elderly patients with dementia treated with atypical (second generation) antipsychotics in 17 randomized controlled trials had a higher mortality rate (4.5% vs. 2.6%) than those receiving placebo. Most of the deaths were due to cardiovascular and infectious causes (such as pneumonia). The drugs used in the trials were aripiprazole (Abilify), olanzapine (Zyprexa), quetiapine (Seroquel), and risperidone (Risperdal). As the increase in mortality was considered a class effect, the FDA advisory also included ziprasidone (Geodon), clozapine (Clozaril) and the olanzapine/fluoxetine combination (Symbyax). The manufacturers of all of these drugs will be required to add a "black box" warning to their labeling.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2005 Aug 1;47(1214):61-2 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Acne, Rosacea and Psoriasis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 1, 2005;  (Issue 35)
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation have all been implicated. P. acnes, a gram-positive...
The pathogenesis of acne is multifactorial: follicular hyperkeratinization, Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, sebum production, androgens and inflammation have all been implicated. P. acnes, a gram-positive microaerophilic bacterium, plays an important role in the development of acne lesions by secreting chemotactic factors that attract leukocytes to the follicle, causing inflammation.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2005 Jul;3(35):49-56 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Treatment of Menopausal Vasomotor Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • December 6, 2004;  (Issue 1197)
Estrogen is the most effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), but the Women's Health Initiative study found that women who took estrogen plus a progestin for more than 5 years were...
Estrogen is the most effective treatment for menopausal vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes), but the Women's Health Initiative study found that women who took estrogen plus a progestin for more than 5 years were at increased risk for myocardial infarction, stroke, pulmonary emboli, deep vein thrombosis, breast cancer, and possibly dementia. Are there effective alternatives?
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Dec 6;46(1197):98-9 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Menostar - A Low-Dose Estrogen Patch for Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 30, 2004;  (Issue 1190)
The FDA has approved a new low-dose estrogen patch (Menostar - Berlex) for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Unlike other estrogen patches, it is not approved for treatment of hot flashes or...
The FDA has approved a new low-dose estrogen patch (Menostar - Berlex) for prevention of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. Unlike other estrogen patches, it is not approved for treatment of hot flashes or other menopausal symptoms. Promotional material from the manufacturer suggests that this low dose of estrogen could prevent osteoporosis without some of the adverse effects of higher doses.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Aug 30;46(1190):69-70 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Choice of Contraceptives

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • August 1, 2004;  (Issue 24)
In recent years, several new contraceptive options have become available in the United States. Novel hormone delivery systems such as transdermal, transvaginal and intrauterine devices have improved the...
In recent years, several new contraceptive options have become available in the United States. Novel hormone delivery systems such as transdermal, transvaginal and intrauterine devices have improved the convenience of highly effective contraceptive products. Like oral contraceptives and most barrier contraceptives, these devices do not protect against sexually transmitted diseases.
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2004 Aug;2(24):55-62 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drug Interactions with Grapefruit Juice

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • January 5, 2004;  (Issue 1173)
The ability of grapefruit juice to increase serum concentrations of drugs was first discovered during a study of the effect of ethanol on felodipine (Plendil) pharmacokinetics. Double-strength grapefruit juice...
The ability of grapefruit juice to increase serum concentrations of drugs was first discovered during a study of the effect of ethanol on felodipine (Plendil) pharmacokinetics. Double-strength grapefruit juice used to disguise the taste of ethanol resulted in higher than expected serum concentrations of felodipine (DG Bailey et al, Clin Invest Med 1989; 12:357).
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2004 Jan 5;46(1173):2-4 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs for Prevention and Treatment of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • November 1, 2002;  (Issue 3)
Many drugs are now marketed for treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis (PD Delmas, Lancet 2002; 359:2018). Prevention of this disorder has been complicated by the news that hormone replacement therapy (HRT),...
Many drugs are now marketed for treatment of post-menopausal osteoporosis (PD Delmas, Lancet 2002; 359:2018). Prevention of this disorder has been complicated by the news that hormone replacement therapy (HRT), which many women have been taking to prevent osteoporosis, increases the incidence of coronary heart disease and that of breast cancer, stroke and pulmonary embolism as well (Medical Letter 2002; 44:78).
Treat Guidel Med Lett. 2002 Nov;0(3):13-8 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Hormone Replacement Therapy

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • September 2, 2002;  (Issue 1138)
The results of a large randomized controlled trial of estrogen plus a progestin to prevent heart disease in postmenopausal women were recently reported (Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative...
The results of a large randomized controlled trial of estrogen plus a progestin to prevent heart disease in postmenopausal women were recently reported (Writing Group for the Women's Health Initiative Investigators, JAMA 2002; 288:321).
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2002 Sep 2;44(1138):78 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs That May Cause Psychiatric Symptoms

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 8, 2002;  (Issue 1134)
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment may also be due to the underlying illness, previously...
Many drugs can cause psychiatric symptoms, but a causal connection is often difficult to establish. Psychiatric symptoms that emerge during drug treatment may also be due to the underlying illness, previously unrecognized psychopathology, or psychosocial factors. The withdrawal of some drugs can cause symptoms such as anxiety, psychosis, delirium, agitation or depression.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2002 Jul 8;44(1134):59-62 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

Drugs For Prevention and Treament of Postmenopausal Osteoporosis

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • October 16, 2000;  (Issue 1090)
Many drugs are now marketed for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. All regimens should include an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin...
Many drugs are now marketed for prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. All regimens should include an adequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 2000 Oct 16;42(1090):97-100 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction

A New Conjugated Estrogen

   
The Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics • July 30, 1999;  (Issue 1058)
A new synthetic conjugated estrogen product (Cenestin - Duramed) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of vasomotor symptoms due to estrogen...
A new synthetic conjugated estrogen product (Cenestin - Duramed) was recently approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for treatment of vasomotor symptoms due to estrogen deficiency.
Med Lett Drugs Ther. 1999 Jul 30;41(1058):67-70 | Show Full IntroductionHide Full Introduction